Monday, May 25, 2020
The Perfect Utopia Will Never Be A Reality - 906 Words
Anderson: I feel that whatever society does will never be enough. People will never be happy, they always will have a greed for more and more. So the perfect utopia will never be a reality. I think this discussion has helped us to think about what we need to change, to even have a hope of a good future. The last thing we would want is for society to end up completely like the dystopian books the three of you wrote. Second Annual Summit on the Future (Just as Atwood, Huxley, Callenbach, Frankl, Wilson, and Freud get up to leave, a whole new group of authors walk through the library doors.) Anderson: It looks as if more authors have graced us with their presence to warn us about something else we need to fix about todayââ¬â¢s society. Thank you so much Atwood, Huxley, Frankl, Wilson, and Freud for your views and have a safe trip back to wherever you might be going. Welcome Foucault, Orwell, Andreas, Burgess, and Rorty. I have noticed that all of your book contain common themes. Some of those themes include forms of discipline and punishment, control of power, and war. That being said who wants to start of the discussion? Foucault: I guess I will start. I think when talking about these topics in relation to the modern society it is important to understand the history of punishment and discipline. Throughout history there has been a shift on the focus from the body to the soul. In the past society focused on punishment through the methods of torture and pain. The fearShow MoreRelated Literary Utopian Societies Essays1747 Words à |à 7 Pages Literary Utopian Societies ââ¬Å"The vision of one century is often the reality of the nextâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Nelson 108). Throughout time, great minds have constructed their own visions of utopia. Through the study of utopias, one finds that these ââ¬Å"perfectâ⬠societies have many flaws. For example, most utopias tend to have an authoritarian nature (Manuel 3). Also, another obvious imperfection found in the majority of utopias is that of a faulty social class system (Thomas 94). But one must realized that the flawsRead MoreUtopia : a Perfect Place?1017 Words à |à 5 PagesUtopia :often Utopia An ideally perfect place, especially in its social, political, and moral aspects, and an impractical, idealistic scheme for social and political reform. Each person has their own vision of utopia, the above sentance is Oxfords Dictionarys definition of it. Utopia means an ideal state, a paradise, a land of enchantment. It has been a central part of the history of ideas in Western Civilization. Philosophers and writers continue to imagine and conceive plans for an ideal stateRead MoreThe Giver Dystopia Essay1155 Words à |à 5 PagesTo me a utopia cannot be achieved, a utopia would be ââ¬Å"perfect worldâ⬠where everyone is satisfied. A dystopia can be very far from perfect, as it is in The Giver. The world in The Giver by Lois Lowry is a dystopia because no world anywhere can ever be perfect, the people who live there will never be truly happy and because without choice life can be very boring, as it is in The Giver. The world in The Giver is not perfect because nothing can really be perfect. It is almost impossible to think ofRead MorePystopia Vs Utopia1382 Words à |à 6 Pagesidea of utopia or a perfect society seems so unattainable or impossible. Both Ursula Le Guinââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelasâ⬠and Ben Wintersââ¬â¢ Underground Airlines take place in different realities - the former exists in a place where all seems too good to be true, while the latter takes place in a United States wherein slave-based practices still exist; it is through these realities that the authors point out the flaws of their imagined societies and, possibly, critique aspects of utopia. ThisRead More Utopia - The Impossibility of Perfection Essay example1686 Words à |à 7 PagesUtopia - The Impossibility of Perfection The latter end of [this] commonwealth forgets the beginning. ?William Shakespeare, The Tempest From Platos The Republic to Karl Marxs Communist Manifesto, the search for a perfect social state has never stopped; its ultimate goal of achieving a human society that exists in absolute harmony with all due social justice, however, has proved to be woefully elusive. The pure concept of a utopia can be theoretically visualized as a perfect geometricRead MoreA Utopia Sounds Like A Wonderful Thing1433 Words à |à 6 PagesFYS Final A utopia sounds like a wonderful thing. The Oxford English Dictionary defines ââ¬Å"utopiaâ⬠as an ââ¬Å"imagined or hypothetical place, system, or state of existence in which everything is perfect, esp. in respect of social structure, laws, and politics.â⬠(OED, 2015, entry 2) But what happens when someone tries to bring this imagined land of perfection into reality? Both in fictional literature and in real life applications, utopian dreams destroy societies. The word utopia originates from SirRead MoreThe Beach By Alex Garland875 Words à |à 4 Pagesand a lot of differences. One of the big differences is the utopia and dystopia of the story. Before I go with reference to relating the movie and film with these different societies. Let me first explain what utopia and dystopia is. First off, utopia is a society that is considered perfect, a perfect world, no problems what so ever. The idea of utopia is basically a society that is equal. As for dystopia, it is the exact opposite of utopia. Itââ¬â¢s a ruled society by the military and government, theRead More1984 Dystopia Analysis1539 Words à |à 7 PagesThe perfect world has never existed nor will it ever. Someone persons view on something great could be another worst nightmare. In some cases people mistake utopias for dystopias. A utopia is an ideal place of state or living (ââ¬Å"Utopiaâ⬠). A dystopia is a society of characterized by human misery, a squalor, oppression, disea se, or overcrowding (ââ¬Å"Dystopiaâ⬠). In George Orwellââ¬â¢s book 1984 the society is depicted as a utopia when in reality itââ¬â¢s not the perfect place, itââ¬â¢s written to represent a dystopiaRead MoreUtopia And The Tempest By William Shakespeare1368 Words à |à 6 PagesUtopia and The Tempest In Shakespeare is last play, the Tempest, originality is shown in the different settings and themes within the story. Within the Tempest, there is a world of imagination and illusion that challenges readers to look beyond reality and the world of non-existence, not existence. Through the play a utopia what can be found. It is something that many characters when they are on the island throughout. Within the tempest and Utopia, many differences and similarities between the socialRead MoreWhy Are Utopias Imaginary?943 Words à |à 4 Pages A place where everything is perfect, where there are no troubles, where everybody wants to live: these are the things we immediately associate with a utopia. But what really characterizes this divine paradise? A utopia is defined by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as ââ¬Å"an imaginary place in which the government, laws, and social conditions are perfect.â⬠The social conditions of a utopia entail that every single organism holds a position within the society that he desires. Could this ever be achieved
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Examining the Issue of Planned Parenthood between...
On April 8, 2011, the United States Federal Government nearly shut down because the Democrats and Republicans were struggling to agree upon, among other issues, what to do with Planned Parenthood. The Republicans wanted to stop federal funding for Planned Parenthood, which clearly shows ââ¬Å"that they simply donââ¬â¢t care about the health and safety of American women (Planned Parenthood).â⬠The Democrats strongly support Planned Parenthood and were not willing to accept the Republicanââ¬â¢s proposal. However, the Republicans did not care whether a shut down could occur or create tensions in the government. A federal shut down would only make matter worse especially during this time because of issues already going on in America and around the world.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The first argument for supporting Planned Parenthood is that it provides women with other health services and not just birth control or abortion. Without these services, womenââ¬â¢s health will decline because many people can afford treatment. ââ¬Å"Every year, Planned Parenthoodââ¬â¢s doctors and nurses provide more than 3 million women with preventive health care, including nearly one million lifesaving screenings for cervical cancer, 830,000 breast exams, contraception to nearly 2.5 million patients and nearly four million tests and treatments for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Literally, they are a trusted health care provider to millions of women (Whitman).â⬠The statistic proves that Planned Parenthood does more than prevent unwanted pregnancy but also take on tasks care for womenââ¬â¢s health. The second argument for supporting Planned Parenthood is the importance of having safe abortion services available to women. Abortion has been a controversial topic over the course of the years. The idea of abortion is allowing people to have choices on whether wantShow MoreRelatedPolitical Parties And The Republican Party Platform1464 Wor ds à |à 6 Pagespartiesââ¬âthe Republicans and the Democrats. Having two main parties has its advantages and, of course, its disadvantages. For example, in By the People James E. Monroe and Rogan Kersh (301) point out having this type of system creates ââ¬Å"predictability and stability.â⬠However, they also declare (301) it can ââ¬Å"lead to a gridlock.â⬠This is not a new concept either as there has been a divide since the beginning of both parties. The two parties more often than not disagree on various issues, while rarelyRead MoreAbortion Policy in America2827 Words à |à 11 PagesAbortion groups had long been aware that it was next to impossible for them to push their legislative goals during the eight years that President George W. Bush was in office. However, with greater amounts of Democrats in both Congress and the White House, pro-abortion groups like Planned Parenthood and NARAL Pro-Choice America are currently having a more promising time in making contact with lawmakers and being heard. In Hindsight and In History Its important to look back in history to see how abortionRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words à |à 760 Pages........... 19 CHAPTER 2 Claims, Issues, and Arguments .............................................................................. 23 What is a Statement?............................................................................................................................ 23 What is an Argument?......................................................................................................................... 25 What is the Issue?........................................
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 848 Words
Out of all the years of being Equestriaââ¬â¢s ruler, never once did I ever think to be dethroned and beytrayed by my subjects, loyalists, and mistress. I couldnââ¬â¢t blame them, though, as I had failed to do what I had sworn to do: Protect my kingdom and bestow the essentials ponies needed; and besides the Flim and Falm Corp were able to do that better than I ever could. When I got insuborinated and removed from my castle, a sign that read ââ¬Å"No Former Princess Celestia allowed hereâ⬠was placed on the front. I left and went to my own place in the wilderness. Complete solitude. No contact to the outside world. I was hidden with nopony with me; not even my mistress, Twilight. She left me when she saw how incapable I really was. I forgave her. The only thing I had left, and my only friend, was the sun, if I could even call it that. As I closed the door behind me and walked through the unlit hall, I falsely sensed her in the bedroom, but I spoke words of greeting nonetheless and recieved none. I put my broken, invalid crown, the one I had been wearing for the last millennium, on the coffee table in the lounge and headed for the kitchen. The cat food bowl was empty, and the candlelit chandelier was dull since I had forgotten to extingish the flames in the morning. I relit it, and sparkled the light above the sink. The water from the tap sprayed over my hooves as I filled the kettle with enough water for two cups and put teabags in it. While I was waiting for the kettle to boil, IShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1110 Words à |à 5 PagesI donââ¬â¢t know how I got to where I am, but Iââ¬â¢m here now, and I have to win if I want to live. I am in a game, and in order to live, I have to escape. Thatââ¬â¢s the thing, though: I donââ¬â¢t know how to escape. I was running for my life around this old house that looked like it came straight out of a horror movie. I doubled over and held my head in pain as I saw the static, which meant it was coming. I was being chased by what looked like a person but in no way acted like one. Just as it was about to appearRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1102 Words à |à 5 PagesIt is on days like this when we stop to think about our life. Small drops of rain begin to dapple the cobblestone pavement as people whip out their umbrellas for cover. I continue sauntering down the busy street, relishing the feeling of a light shower. Moving with the mass of pedestrians, I stop at a crosswalk where I wait for the stoplight to turn green. A flower shop employee across the street scurries to bring in the numerous bouquets and close the doors as rain starts rolling down the displayRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing914 Words à |à 4 PagesDreamy I thought. Standing on the corner is a young guy with a smile. I see him here almost every day, so I linger for a while. He tells me his name, and I tell him mine. I m Ester, what s your name? I enquired. My names David .,He replied. We end up talking for a while and I asked him if he had ever left this city. He tells me of all these stories of the places where he s been, the distant lakes and mountains, and in valleys oh so green. I can see it in his eyes, he really has beenRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing974 Words à |à 4 Pages I was used to moving round, having a mother who liked to travel more than making roots was something I had gotten used to. Still, I had never gotten used to the loneliness of an empty house when she was out exploring, or the feeling of leaving behind someone who could have meant something to me. Our most recent move was Oregon. It was pretty, and I didnââ¬â¢t mind it, but it was much different than Florida. Not only was it opposite sides of the country, it felt as if it were opposite worlds. InRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1012 Words à |à 5 Pageshave plenty of time in the next month to think about my feeling in regards to Kendrick. I needed to finish up the article and get it off to my editor. I should be able to get it done by tonight and send an email in the morning. I was thinking of writing my next article about the sea life around the Scottish coast. Since our salmon dinner last evening I thought I would do a piece about the commercial salmon farming that began in Scotland in 1969. In 2002 over 145,000 metric tons of farmed AtlanticRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1561 Words à |à 7 PagesThereââ¬â¢s something I need to say and what follows may not be something that youââ¬â¢d expect, it wonââ¬â¢t be heartening or uplifting. If you remember today, I told you about going somewhere I wanted to go toâ⬠¦ Iââ¬â¢m not sure if you believed and accepted what I now confess as untrue; it is partly. I needed to pull away emo tionallyâ⬠¦ from you. You must have had fathomed that some degree of formality had seeped between us. Born of habit, formulaic greetings had become a routine. You presume that Iââ¬â¢m a close friendRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1387 Words à |à 6 PagesI was wearing a beautiful blue dress with sapphire gems all around the chest area as I entered the ball with Ciel and Sebastian. I took a good look around here, the hallway was lined with gold. There was a servant ready to escort us to the ball room. Hello, come this way. He said, walking forward. Wow, this place is so fancy! I exclaimed, looking around. It s fake gold. Ciel bluntly replied, bringing my hopes down. I sighed. Ciel sounded like he wasn t in a very good mood. Ciel, lightenRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1287 Words à |à 6 Pages In the morning, Caireann woke me up. She stood above my bed, shaking my shoulder. I opened my eyes, looking at her. Then I looked across the room to her empty bed. Andy s empty bed sat in the corner. I swallowed, climbing out of bed. Sleep well? Caireann asked me, starting out the door. Yeah, I said, going over to our small dresser. I had the bottom two drawers. Andy had the middle two, and Caireann had the top. I pulled open the drawers, pulling on a colorful tank top and a grayRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1345 Words à |à 6 PagesLater that night, I was behind the wheel of my G-Wagon with Melissa in the passenger seat. She didnââ¬â¢t feel like driving since she was on the road all day and I understood so I didnââ¬â¢t mind when she asked me to. I had been tight-lipped. She kept eyeballing me as if she detected that something was bothering me but I just kept singing to my India Arie as if I was carefree. ââ¬Å"So are you going to tell me whatââ¬â¢s going on or noâ⬠Melissa said disrupting my own personal concert. I stopped singing and tookRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1085 Words à |à 5 PagesI WAS SITTING IN a taxi, wondering if I had overdressed for the evening, when I looked out the window and saw Mom rooting through a Dumpster. It was just after dark. A blustery March wind whipped the steam coming out of the manholes, and people hurried along the sidewalks with their collars turned up. I was stuck in traffic two blocks from the party where I was heading. Mom stood fifteen feet away. She had tied rags around her shoulders to keep out the spring chill and was picking through the trash
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Microsoft Antitrusst Case Essay Example For Students
Microsoft Antitrusst Case Essay Americaââ¬â¢s century-old antitrust law is increasingly irrelevant to our modern global information technology market. This law is obsolete, in accordance to the current Microsoft situation, because in the past there wasnââ¬â¢t technology as there is now. Recently the government has been accusing Microsoft as being a monopoly. ââ¬Å"Techno-Optimistsâ⬠claim: ââ¬Å"efforts by government to promote competition by restraining high-tech firms that acquire market power will only stifle competition.â⬠Some analysts disagree. They concede that dynamic technology makes it tough to sustain market power. Still, consumers will want compatible equipment, which will lead them to buy whatever product other consumers are using, even if the product is inferior. Hence, is Microsoft a monopoly or not? The range of views extends from the optimists who think that changing technology removes the need for antitrust, to ââ¬Å"middle-of-the-roadersâ⬠who think that antitrust has alwa ys been and still is an important weapon in the governmentââ¬â¢s arsenal. Microsoft is not a monopoly. Our world of telecommunications and information technology has brought about many changes in many fields but new technology has neither extinguished nor revitalized the reason for antitrust. There are monopolies that the government ought to control. Those are the very monopolies that the government created itself. It is the government that creates monopoly power by erecting and maintaining barriers to market entry. In the most recent dispute between Microsoft and the Department of Justice (DOJ), Microsoft is accused of ââ¬Å"tying-inâ⬠an Internet browser into Windows. Microsoftââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"tie-inâ⬠of its browser (Internet Explorer) with its operating system (Windows 95) is a tie-in that shows no greater threat to competition than the packaging of tires with cars, cream with coffee, laces with shoes, even left gloves with right gloves. In actuality, tying arrange ments is pro-competitive. Consumers will buy the product that is more appealing to their needs. Seven years ago the Federal Trade Commission began its investigation of Microsoftââ¬â¢s market power in the sale of operating systems for personal computers. That investigation was later joined by the DOJ and pursued vigorously by Anne Bingaman, then head of the Antitrust Division. The DOJ uncovered one practice it deemed worthy of challenge. Microsoft licensed its Windows software for multi-year periods on a ââ¬Å"per processorâ⬠basis. Which means that, Microsoft, to help prevent software piracy, insisted that computer makers pay a royalty to Microsoft for each computer they shipped, whether or not Windows was installed as the operating system. DOJ was not persuaded by Microsoftââ¬â¢s argument that physical machines can more easily be counted than intangible copies of computer software. Nor was DOJ convinced that customers might actually favor long-term contracts to guard ag ainst unpredictable price increases and other uncertainties. This arose the question; did Microsoft exploit its dominant market position by ââ¬Å"insistingâ⬠on ââ¬Å"unfairâ⬠licensing arrangements? Consider that Windows became the industry standard because PC-makers thought it was a ââ¬Å"superiorâ⬠product. An assessment that surely took into account the entire set of product features. Not only are there technical features but also the ease of use, quality, price, service, and contract terms. Just like any other product in the competitive market. Consider that there were no barriers that would prevent another competitor from driving Windows out as being the market leader. These are simple conditions that exist in an economic market. Those considerations, apparently, did not impress the DOJââ¬â¢s Antitrust Division. After a five-year investigation costing millions of dollars, the Antitrust Division found little that could be characterized as anti-competitive. But that did not stop the government. Not only did DOJ file an antitrust suit that caused Microsoft to cancel its planned release of Intuit (a manufacturer of a popular personal finance program) it also threatened to halt the release of Windows 95 (Microsoftââ¬â¢s upgraded operating system). The head of the Antitrust Division, Bingaman, was reportedly concerned about the link between Windows 95 and the Microsoft Network (MSN) an Internet service provider intended to compete against America Online (AOL). Whenever a user started a Windows 95 system, an MSN icon appeared. Then one click of the mouse connected the user with the MSN service. That packaging, according to DOJ, gave MSN an unsporting edge over its online rivals. But a few more mouse clicks enabled any Windows .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e , .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e .postImageUrl , .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e , .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e:hover , .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e:visited , .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e:active { border:0!important; } .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e:active , .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u21125849ea173ff81065a2a9e8a5732e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Affirmative actions Essay
Friday, April 10, 2020
Sunlight and Concave Mirror for Cooking Essay Sample free essay sample
The research workers thought of seeking to come up with a stopgap solar cooker in order to prove if this manner of cookery may be effectual and utile in replacing for a sauteing pan and a range. The solar cooker may be a possible option when cooking out-of-doorss under the heat of the Sun. It could besides be a immense energy rescuer and a safer manner of cookery. avoiding jeopardies such as Burnss. The research workers have picked the safest and easiest process and stuffs in doing a solar cooker so that adolescents or even people younger may seek doing it themselves. The first measure in doing the solar cooker was happening the right stuffs. This included a long narrow box. posting board. a axial rotation of foil. Ice lolly sticks. composition board and barbeque sticks. Since the focal point needed to be someplace in between 5â⬠to 10â⬠. one box was placed on top of another box of the same length and breadth. We will write a custom essay sample on Sunlight and Concave Mirror for Cooking Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ice lolly sticks were taped to the interiors of the box as support. The focal point was set and a piece of posting board. measured to suit in the center of the box was placed at that place. The foil was so placed on top of the posting board. doing certain it was non every bit furrowed as possible. It was placed in the heat of the Sun and there was a certain topographic point where the visible radiation hit. Two pieces of composition board were taped to the sides of the topographic point and the barbeque stick with a whole piece of hot dog was placed where the visible radiation hit. The solar cooker with the hot dog was left under the sunââ¬â¢s heat while the research workers watched if it would work. It took about 20-25 proceedingss before the hot dog was cooked. The research workers so tried to cut another piece of hot dog into smaller pieces to see if it would decrease the clip being consumed. It took about 15-20 proceedingss in cooking the smaller pieces. Lesser clip was consumed in cooking the smaller pieces compared to cooking the whole piece. The solar cooker had worked. though after two tests of cooking the hot dog. the foil became a spot oily due to the oils coming from the hot dog. The research workers have concluded that the stopgap solar cooker they have come up with plants and may so be utile when cooking out-of-doorss. Itââ¬â¢s cheap. overall since the stuffs used were non costly and portable because itââ¬â¢s non a fuss conveying it anyplace sing it isnââ¬â¢t bulky and is really light. Itââ¬â¢s easy to do with the simplest stuffs which can be bought largely from any food market or supplies store. There are some disadvantages though. This type of solar cooker is clip devouring. particularly nutrients such as hot dog or likewise. So if you are functioning a batch of hungry and impatient people. utilizing the solar cooker are non the best agencies of cooking. But if by opportunity the cookery range at place tallies out of gas or interrupt down. the solar cooker may be considered an option.Recognition We would wish to thank Mr. Vincent Sabong. our Physics facilitator. for giving us an chance to work on an Investigatory Project that enabled us to heighten our accomplishments in the different Fieldss of Science and in readying for our incoming enterprises. In line with this. we would besides wish to thank Mikaela Franchesca Pamatmatââ¬â¢s parents for leting us to develop our Investigatory Project at their house. And above all. we are most thankful to God. the heavenly Father. for blessing us with the proper mentality and for steering us throughout this undertaking.Table of Contentss * AbstractI * Acknowledgement two * Rationale I * Method/Procedure II * Results and Discussion III * Conclusion IV * Recommendation V * Bibliography ( References ) VI I. Rationale* The research workers arrived at this sort of job faltering upon the subject of solar power and how much heat the sunââ¬â¢s beams can bring forth. * The research workers. as a group think that this is of large significance since planetary heating is so a serious job in the universe. in line with this. use of energy is one of the factors that concerns this. and as pupils. look intoing on this may be a manner of assisting out. They besides thought that this would be a merriment and advanced experience particularly since this is non something you see or do every twenty-four hours. * Problem: Can we cook nutrient by utilizing a mirror and sunshine? * Hypothesis: * H1: If heat is produced once the sunââ¬â¢s beams are reflected through the mirror to the nutrient attempted to be cooked. so we can cook nutrient utilizing a mirror and sunshine. * H2: If the heat coming from the Sun is non plenty as compared to the heat coming from the gas scope or electric range. so we can non cook nutrient utilizing merely a mirror and sunshine. * OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: * The researchersââ¬â¢ chief aim is to be able to come up with a successful probe and turn out that it is so possible to cook utilizing simply a mirror and sunshine. Energy deficit is a large issue in our state right now and monetary values are increasing as the old ages go by. Conducting this survey may besides take to detecting and introducing new ways on how to conserve energy. specifically when it comes to cooking nutrient. since nutrient is one of the things wherein we use our electricity for the most. Peoples use electricity for our microwaves. electric ranges. oven wassailers. rice cookers. java machines. and so much more. * SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: * If by opportunity their job is solved and the result is a success. it could be of great importance to the school. more so. the community. For the school. the survey would assist in doing pupils more cognizant of energy preservation and how they excessively can assist out in cut downing their C footmark. For the community. this could pave the manner to no more energy deficits or blackouts. Everyone. from the upper category to the in-between category. and particularly the less fortunate can profit from this. There will be times when the range will run out of gas or the wassailer and micro-cook wonââ¬â¢t work. this can ever be an alternate. For those who donââ¬â¢t have this engineering or live in developing countries. they can utilize this as a make-shift cooker. You non merely salvage up. and avoid emphasis of seeing high payables on your monthly electric measure. but you are able to partake in seeking to decrease. if non halt. the effects of planetary heating. Review of Related Literature and Surveies* Sunlight. in the wide sense. is the entire frequence spectrum of electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun. peculiarly infrared. seeable. and ultraviolet visible radiation. On Earth. sunshine is filtered through the Earthââ¬â¢s ambiance. and solar radiation is obvious as daytime when the Sun is above the skyline. * When the direct solar radiation is non blocked by clouds. it is experienced as sunlight. combination of bright visible radiation and beaming heat. When it is blocked by the clouds or reflects off of other objects. it is experienced as diffused visible radiation. * The spectrum of the Sunââ¬â¢s solar radiation is near to that of a black organic structure with a temperature of about 5. 800K. The Sun emits EM radiation across most of the electromagnetic spectrum. Although the Sun produces Gamma rays as a consequence of the atomic merger procedure. these ace high energy photons are converted to take down energy photons befo re they reach the Sunââ¬â¢s surface and are emitted out into infinite. As a consequence. the Sun doesnââ¬â¢t give off any gamma beams. The Sun does. nevertheless. breathe X-rays. UV. seeable visible radiation. infrared. and even wireless moving ridges. When ultraviolet radiation is non absorbed by the ambiance or other protective coating. it can do harm to the tegument known as tan or trigger an adaptative alteration in human tegument pigmentation. * A mirror is an object that reflects visible radiation or sound in a manner that preserves much of its original quality prior to its contact with the mirror. The most familiar type is the plane mirror. which has a level surface. Curved mirrors are besides normally used to bring forth exaggerated or diminished images or concentrate light or merely falsify the reflected image. Mirrors are normally used for personal training. ornament or architecture. These are besides used in scientific setup such as telescopes. cameras and industrial machinery. Most mirrors are designed for seeable visible radiation. However. mirrors designed for other types of moving ridges or other wave lengths of electromagnetic radiation are besides used. particularly in non-optical instruments. * A sun-deprived small town in the Italian Alps has come up with a fresh solution to repair certain jobs in their community by put ining a elephantine mirror. The mirror ââ¬â an eight-by-five metre ( 26x16ft ) sheet of steel ââ¬â was placed on a nearby extremum to reflect sunlight onto their chief square below. The computer-operated mirror will now invariably follow the sunââ¬â¢s way. * Does sunlight reflected off a mirror addition the temperature of the sunââ¬â¢s rays? It depends. A standard planar mirror will non increase the energy contained in the beams that reflect off it. In fact. there will be some loss of energy since the brooding surface is non perfect. There is some decrease in the lightââ¬â¢s strength as it passes through the mirrorââ¬â¢s glass and reflects off the backup surface. Parabolic mirrors. on the other manus. focal point and concentrate the light beams on a individual point in forepart of the mirror. competently named the focal point. Although the energy is non amplified. it will be efficaciously increased because of the linear consequence that will ensue when the light energy is concentrated. To clear up. the ââ¬Å"raysâ⬠of the Sun. i. e the photons ( energy ) . do non hold any temperature at all. they interact with affair and heat the affair up. * A solar cooker. or solar oven. is a device which uses the energy of sunshine to heat nutrient or drink to cook it or sterilise it. High-tech versions like electric ovens and powered solar cells have some advantages such as being able to work in diffuse visible radiation. Because solar cookers do non utilize fuel and does non be a thing to run. many non-profit organisations are advancing their usage worldwide to assist cut down fuel costs for low-income people. cut down air pollution and slow deforestation and desertification. caused by usage of firewood for cooking. Solar cookery is a signifier of out-of-door cookery and is frequently used in state of affairss where minimum fuel ingestion is of import. or the danger of inadvertent fires is high. II. Method/Procedure* Select a long narrow box ; the longer the box the more heat aggregation is possible. Choose a focal length between 5â⬠and 10â⬠and plan a parabolic curve as seen in the image. One templet could be used for all the cookers. Trace the curve on the unfastened terminal of the box so that it is centered and straight. * Cut out the curve with a public-service corporation knife. Stress the importance of being exact. Measure and cut a piece of posting board that will repair flower against the gap to the box. Attach this with tape get downing at the centre and working toward to borders. * Cover the curve with white gum and use aluminium foil glistening side out. Start in the center and smooth toward the borders. Try non to purse or turn up the foil ; you want it every bit smooth as possible. * Use two garbages of composition board taped to each side as supports. Using the Sun or a projector visible radiation. prove the focal point. There should be a bright top ographic point where visible radiation is concentrated ; grade this topographic point and clout a hole for the skewer. Use a subdivision of a coat hanger from which the pigment has been removed for a skewer. * Enjoy your hot dog! MaterialsMaterials| Quantity|Cardboard paper| 1 roll|Aluminum foil| 1 roll|Barbecue stick| 1|Poster board| 1|Popsicle stick| 2|Shoe box| 2|Time TableDate| Accomplished|June ââ¬â July 2012| Planning and coming up with a problem| July 24. 2012| Approval of Problem|August 01. 2012| Submission of Phase I|October 6. 2012| Collection and Completion of the Solar Cooker ;Experimentation| Budget Item| Quantity| Price| Cardboard paper| 1 roll| 10 pesos|Aluminum foil| 1 roll| 20 pesos|Barbecue stick| 1| 2 pesos per stick|Poster board| 1 roll| 10 pesos|Popsicle stick| 2| 5 pesos per stick|Shoe box| 2| 20 esos| III. Results and Discussion | Hotdog cooked whole| Hotdog cooked in smaller pieces|Under sunlight| 20-25 minutes| 15-20 minutes|Not under sunlight| It will non be cooked| It will non be cooked| In utilizing the make-shift solar cooker. the sunshine is the most indispensable variable needed in doing the experiment a success. The visible radiation that comes from the Sun reflected on the foil of the solar cooker produces the heat for the hot dog to cook. The hot dog cooked as a whole took about 20-25 proceedingss while when cut into smaller pieces. it took 15-20 proceedingss. IV. DecisionThe research workers have concluded that the stopgap solar cooker they have come up with plants and may so be utile when cooking out-of-doorss. It is easy to do but at the same clip besides clip devouring. Based on the consequences and treatment. a whole hot dog cooked under the sunshine will be ready to eat in 20-25 proceedingss. while a hot dog cut into smaller pieces will be cooked and ready to eat in 15-20 proceedingss. Hotdogs that are non cooked under the sunshine have no opportunity of being cooked at all. The visible radiation that comes from the Sun is the important ingredient for the make-shift solar cooker to be able to cook nutrient. It reflects off to the foil of the solar cooker and gives the heat needed to be able to cook nutrient. V. Recommendation Food is one of the basic demands of a human being and most nutrient requires cooking with fire. In most families. cooking ranges. microwaves or ovens are frequently used. But unluckily there are times when these contraptions deem unavailable or faulty. Because of this. the research workers thought of another manner to cook nutrient in instance of inaccessibility of usual cookery contraptions. The research workers recommend the make-shift solar cooker as an alternate manner to cook your favourite repasts. It can be fast and easy to run with the aid of the visible radiation from the Sun. Cook and have fun now! VI. Bibliography ( mentions ) * hypertext transfer protocol: //news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/europe/6189371. short-term memory* hypertext transfer protocol: //wiki. replies. com/Q/Does_sunlight_reflected_off_a_mirror_increase_the_temperature_of_the_sun-rays * hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ehow. com/about_5403689_solar-cooker. hypertext markup language
Monday, March 9, 2020
Lateral Sands Managerial Operation and Challenges Therein â⬠Business
Lateral Sands Managerial Operation and Challenges Therein ââ¬â Business Free Online Research Papers Lateral Sands Managerial Operation and Challenges Therein Business Executive Summary: Scott Goodheart, The CEO of Lateral Sands was interviewed in regard to managerial operations within the company. With much experience under his belt he was able to explain many intricacies of the present and future of the company. Lateral Sands, an engineering services company, has been in operation for approximately 5 years and have reached a stable point where enough business is supporting the company. Although there are always challenges to be overcome, they are planning to expand to meet future market needs. Expansion opened many doors and mindset that need to be considered. Scott, having done much research in the area has contemplated opening a research centre in India. After much consideration, Scott and his upper level management, they plan to have the centre operational by the end of next year. The expansion will enable most of the ââ¬Ëgruntââ¬â¢ work to be done via cheaper Indian engineering and will enable higher-level engineering and project management to be effectively utilized. Being the CEO of the company, Scott has had to contemplate the pros and cons of this expansion. From our conversations, I feel that they may expand from a services company and jump into product manufacturing. Although I do not foresee it in the immediate future, I think it is very much a possibility. Scott manages the business in a very peculiar way. By keeping his employee base as happy as possible (within reason of course) and by treating them as equals with encouragement on their self-management, he is able to successfully operate. By keeping his employees happy, he is able to extend the time they stay with Lateral Sands, and in turn this increases productivity (people know each other and work well together) and efficiency. Overall, the environment he tries to create is his way of creating boundaries while encouraging innovation. Introduction Lateral Sands, an engineering services company, founded in 1999 by a group of highly experienced professionals in hardware, software and technology management, was the company of my choice for this case study. Scott Goodheart, as depicted in Figure 1, is the Chief Executive Officer for the company and the interviewee. A BEc and MBA graduate has led to an extensive financial and project management background, with experience ranging from corporate banking (NAB ââ¬â National Australia Bank) and smaller corporate consultancies. Scott considers himself a jack-of-all-trades but doesnââ¬â¢t have the engineering background (no technical background). Tony Costa is the 2nd in charge at Lateral Sands. He is in control of project management and markets the business, as it needs to be done from a technical point of view. Any other really experienced engineers donate 20% of their time to different managerial tasks. In California, the once had a senior person who did things specifically, bu t the ridiculous amounts of money they were paying (American Dollars) meant they had to bring him back down and now they only use him when they need him. Figure 1 ââ¬â Scott Goodheart CEO Lateral Sands Lateral Sands has its corporate head office here in Perth, with a sales office in California as shown in Figure 2. Even though the company consists of more than 20 people (including California), I would consider it a medium sized business due to the size of the projects (monetary values) that are involved. As the company has established itself quite well over its 5 year operating time, a number of changes have become possibilities for future expansion. As with any company, there are a number of challenges to be overcome for the construction of a successful business. Lateral Sands had had a fairly short operational life, but has still been faced with many difficulties internally and externally. The macro and micro issues in the specific industry will be analysed, as well as their earlier challenges, and how knowledge and past experiences has influenced decision-making. Figure 2 ââ¬â Lateral Sands Current Global Locations Lateral Sands has some macro and micro issues (challenges) that are dictating how the business should be operated at present. There location on Earth has led to much difficulty in marketing the business and recruiting personnel. The market success of the business in the Silicon Valley is dependent on the people they need to recruit and integrate into their operations. Time differences are also an issue between America and Australia. The contemplation of opening a research department in India or any other cheaper area is also ââ¬Ëon the booksââ¬â¢. Micro issues include their project managing setup and abilities ââ¬â how the business runs for a project. Staff happiness is also a critical factor in the future affluence of the company. Scott sees staff as the most valuable asset Lateral Sands has. As they are the biggest cost the company has at present, their happiness and integration is the companyââ¬â¢s operational efficiency and source of income. These plus more issues will be looked at in more depth during this case study. During the interview with Scott, we discussed much about how he feels management and employees should interact. Although I agree with his methods at present, with future growth of the company and expansion, new hierarchies will need to be established for correct business functionality. Analysis There are many areas of interest that I could investigate for this assignment. The first I will look at is staff. Scott Goodheart stressed more and more just how valuable staff members are at Lateral Sands. The have recently relocated the company from West Perth to Subiaco. He feels that Subiaco has much more to offer his employees in comparison to West Perth. The culture and life within Subiaco is the environment he is looking for. Cafes and restaurants, theatre and social hubs are the environment he would like to have close to his working environment. The signing of a 3-year lease shows just how much he believes his employees can benefit from Subiaco in comparison to West Perth. He very much wants a very broad skilled employee, and the sociality of Subiaco enables engineers to become less robotic and more human. Subiaco is not a cheap suburb to house a business, and if cost effectiveness were the main issue of relocation then Balcatta or Tech Park (Curtin area) would be more approp riate. company recruitment. As I mentioned earlier, staff are the biggest overhead that Lateral Sands has at present. Reducing the number of non-income producing staff and the quality of staff that are kept can dramatically increase profitability for the business. Scott mentioned that Lateral Sands ability to recruit in Australia is becoming a huge problem. They are after experienced hardware designers, which are nowhere to be found. The solution to this problem has been the hiring of students to fill these spots. Although not experienced, with correct integration a successful employee can be moulded to suit the companyââ¬â¢s needs. Training then becomes the main issue for student recruitment. A benefit to Lateral Sands from my point of view would be the mixture of young and older engineers. To broaden and diversify your workforce can (if managed correctly) be better overall for the business. A younger engineer will (more likely) stay in the business for a long time, and with the aid and shared experience of the more experienced, older engineers; future experienced engineers can be developed. When recruiting Scott takes much consideration into the abilities of potential employees and how they will integrate into the business. He very much encourages self-management (within boundaries of the company) and innovation. Engineers at Lateral Sands directly converse with their clientele in the Silicon Valley or elsewhere. Because of this all the engineering employees need to have very good interpersonal skills. Scott mentioned how different cultural backgrounds make communication between nations more fragile but not impossible. Any wrong moves can easily lead to clientele alienation etc and can become a big problem when the company tries to acquire more business in the future. Another challenge for Lateral Sands is its remote location. Being based in Perth and having clientele worldwide (mostly in the Silicon Valley) has lead to the opening of the Californian sales office. The time differences are a constant challenge for the company as in the Silicon Valley they tend to work late and finish later. So from about 9am till noon in Perth they are able to contact their clients, which is 4pm ââ¬â 8pm in California. This limited contact time only hinders but does not stop perfect communication and they have had little problems with the difference due to correct project managing. Communication and non-documentation has lead to some rather sticky situations for Lateral Sands. Some of the management situations in other companies (e.g. 60 employees) have been quite shocking for Scott. These situations have been quite frenetic and to quote Scott ââ¬â ââ¬Å"its like an organism that has just grown very, very quickly and is almost out of control. Its organised chaos and they do work towards an endpoint, and quite often we are trying to help them with their project management, verification of documentation or even incorrect specs.â⬠These are all serious issues for a services company as with Lateral Sands. The fact that they are contracted to do a specific task in a certain time does not get helped by incorrect specifications or documentation errors or the lack there of. The job is not made impossible with errors but only more time and fund consuming then originally estimated. Remote marketing is a serious problem, which only seems to get harder. Scott has had to market Lateral Sands to Americans and as he puts it they always want to see physical evidence that the company has handled the task previously. The difficulty comes in convincing the Americans that they can port other knowledge across and apply it to a project successfully. The 100% success rate on projects (as mentioned on their website) is a fact that would be a valuable marketing tool when dealing with the Americans. He also mentions that we are culturally different to the Americans in the way that we are educated. We are adaptive and creative, and effective sidestepping has been needed in the past. Some convincing and a good track record have won over some American companies to hire Lateral Sands and the fact that they are cheaper (Australian Dollars) doesnââ¬â¢t hurt much either. Also to organise marketing it requires that somebody be there (in America). Also, choosing marketing strategies and amounts to spend is quite difficult. A marketing strategy for Lateral Sands could be advertising, word of mouth, or to ââ¬Å"press the fleshâ⬠(face to face to make them comfortable with Lateral Sands and the concept of who we are and what we offer). Either way it takes people to be in America and to pay Americans in $US, becomes very costly ($US and living in the Silicon Valley is expensive and they expect a little more). As the other option, Scott could pay an Australian to fly over there to organise marketing. I asked Scott if he would consider hiring an Indian worker (in the future Indian research centre they plan on starting). He responded very abruptly with a no. The Perth office will handle most issues and the Indian centre will only be for research purposes due to the low costs involved. Lateral Sands is a services business as I mentioned earlier. Scott mentioned that they have considered expanding into manufacturing actual products. However this would lead to stock control etc issues that they at present donââ¬â¢t really have anything to do with. Macro-wise they just focus on getting the money in and keeping employees happy. He estimated that 70% of the overhead at Lateral Sands is staffing costs. He also gave an example that if they had a 10 Million turnover then approximately 7 Million would be outgoings. But if they went down the Indian isle, then recruitment becomes a major expense. For example he mentioned India, where the turnover of employees approximates to about one third of your workforce every twelve months. A micro issue or challenge the company faces in the future and currently is the main point of how you are managing you projects and you staff. He looks at the individual and the company cumulatively as a group. The same goes for when dealing with a client as an individual and collectively. Scott suggests that is really the trick involved with the services business, and it is this reason why managing a services company or in the way Scott manages Lateral Sands becomes less complex. The biggest management decision for the company at present but looking towards the future is expansion worldwide. He and upper level management have to decide the viability of expanding into a production and services company. Venture capitalists are hesitant about financing a large jump like that. It is not very often that a services company can successfully jump into a products business. There will be problems left right and centre. There will have to be a different technology strategy (e.g. research in In dia etc), there will be different expectations of salaries, different amounts of hours to be worked, and then other issues like documentations issues of their own. Basically a total company management restructuring would be in order. Their expansion into India could be the first step in that direction. Scott mentioned that other companies they deal with say venture capitalists are now demanding that at least some of the design process is done offshore (India or Romania where its cheaper). A lot of money will be invested into research, and Scott mentioned that architecturally if they can handle it here (Perth) and get the grunt work done in India (or a cheaper company of your choice) then why wouldnââ¬â¢t you? I agreed with most of what Scott had mentioned and he portrayed the image that he had done much research into the expansion of Lateral Sands. Scott vented to us, some issues flowing through his mind about expansion into India. Some pros and cons about the expansion were mentioned to David and I. India is an old colonial ex British enclave with similarities between code of laws and company structuring. Being able to intricately understand the operations within the country of expansion is critical. Cons for the expansion had also been mentioned. If expanding into Bangalore (Figure 3), there are many infrastructure problems; traffic is a major problem, power outages very often (3-4hrs between generally). With all this in mind and the very emotive subject of company expansion I will quote directly from Scott his feeling on expansion. ââ¬Å"There is a lot of compelling evidence for us not to be in Bangalore, but I couldnââ¬â¢t give a ratââ¬â¢s arse about where we are as long as itââ¬â¢s cheap!â⬠Figure 3 ââ¬â Bangalore the capital of Karnataka, India Conclusions/Summary Lateral Sands is about to jump into a new, exciting era that would be great to become a part of. The successes and failures of the business are going to be greatly affected by the managerial decisions made within the next couple of years. Presently they are facing challenges in relation to obtaining business and new clientele. Market changes are forcing them to expand into India to meet current cost effectiveness. By opening a research centre of around 40 people (the same as 15 Australian wages) there are many possibilities of expansion into the production industry and not just the services industry. Restructuring of the company will have to take place before changing industries, let alone acquiring the finance necessary to establish a firm foothold in the industry. However, Scott is quite confident that the company as a whole, with the employees that have been trained and grown with the company, will be able to overcome any obstacle they may encounter. Financial withdrawal of a project by another company has only been an issue once for Scott, but once again he is quite confident they will bounce back again. The issue of remote marketing appears that it will always be of concern due to the remote location of Perth. If I were to have owned Lateral Sands I most likely would have established a similar setup to what they have at present. The main, well established head office in a fairly cheap area to operate in (namely Perth) and sales office in any place where new business is a high possibility (Silicon Valley). I would see that the trick is to have the head office in a stable country where you are economically and politically safe, and expand (or venture if you will) into any areas of immediate or future benefit to the company. Indiaââ¬â¢s advancement technologically has been a fast one, and moving to join in the growth may or may not be a wise move at present, but the cost benefit ratio seems fairly stable at present, even with natural disasters becoming more and more frequent in the world today. Scottââ¬â¢s viewpoints on recruitment and employee relationships are quite understandable. If in his position, I would employ a similar technique. Staff turnover is always a problem for a stable, more in depth business as with engineering. As the skill needed for a particular task or jobs are developed over time, a new recruit is unable to perform at the level a CEO would wish (at least not straight away). By appealing to his staff members needs, he is able to create a more stable working environment. Scott believes that a workers environment can dictate his/her actions in todayââ¬â¢s world, and having had some experience with non-conformist employees his experience and strict recruiting shows this to be a fact. A friendly, peaceful, hard-working and innovative workspace is the final result. Research Papers on Lateral Sands Managerial Operation and Challenges Therein - BusinessAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesOpen Architechture a white paperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductGenetic EngineeringPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part One
Saturday, February 22, 2020
How can project managers reduce the risk of project failure describe Essay
How can project managers reduce the risk of project failure describe and relate tools and concepts. Illustrate with examples - Essay Example The risks can comprise problems of parts superiority and material; stoppages in delivery of adequate resources to convene project requirements; budgetary and workers transforms; and, imperfect research or knowledge of the project manager. These risks lead speedily to holdup in release dates and financial plan overages that can be harshly weaken assurance in the development of the project management (Martin et al, 2004). There are lots of risk those are attached to the project development and cause a serious problem for the better management and administration of the project. These risks are also the main reasons for the failure of the most of the projects. At project management viewpoints, project managers have to find out the most recent insights, methods and developments in project management field. This will provide him a better understanding regarding the efficient project management and solutions for emerging risks (Johnson et al, 2005). A lot of projects would be unsuccessful for the reasons of declining behind timetable, cost overruns and so forth. Such type of risks can be decreased, if the project manger has good qualities of project risk finding. If a project manager is able to identify the main stakeholders and makes sure that they evidently make out the project scope and main objects of the project. What we can do to diminish the project failure risk? As I have accessed a solid step project managers are able to acquire to augment the accomplishment of all their projects: is the process of enhancing the skills of their team members (Martin et al, 2004). By means of making sure that the project development and management group is properly capable/ trained previous to start a multifarious project. This is very best way through which project manager can be able to significantly diminish the project cost; augment project effectiveness and risk of project collapse predominantly in high-risk projects. So we can say that a project
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